Theoretical models for prediction of mechanical behaviour of the PP/EPDM nanocomposites fabricated by friction stir process

Document Type : Original research

Authors

1 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

2 Faculty of Polymer Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran, Iran

Abstract

In this study, thermoplastic polyolefin elastomeric (TPO) nanocomposites were fabricated by friction stir processing. The effect of different pin geometries on clay dispersion and mechanical properties of the TPO nanocomposite reinforced with 3% wt nanoclay has been first investigated. The optimum pin geometry namely threaded cylindrical pin was then used to fabricate the nanocomposites containing 3, 5 and 7 wt% nanoclay. The results showed that increase in the clay content increased the tensile strength and tensile modulus of the nanocomposite from 15.8 to 22.76 MPa and 568 to 751 MPa, respectively. The experimental stress – strain curves of nanocomposites were compared with eight constitutive models including Mooney – Rivlin, the second-order polynomial, Neo – Hookean, Yeoh, Arruda – Boyce, Van der Waals and the third- and sixth-order Ogden. The comparisons showed that there was an agreement between the experimental data and the sixth-order Ogden model. Three micromechanical models Halpin – Tsai, inverse rule of mixture and linear rule of mixture were applied to investigate the Young’s modulus of nanocomposites. Because of the significant difference between the Young’s modulus obtained from these models and the ones obtained from experimental data, a modifying factor was used to improve the theoretical predictions obtained from the models.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Taub AI, Krajewski PE, Luo AA, Owens JN (2007) The evolution of technology for materials processing over the last 50 years: The automotive example. JOM 59 (2): 48–57
  2. Bahri N, Nekoomanesh M, Sadjadi S, Pajouhan A, (2016) Polyolefin and olefin production in Iran: Current and future capacities, Polyolefins J 3: 11-22
  3. Molavi F, Soltani S, Naderi G, Bagheri R, (2016)  Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotube on mechanical and rheological properties of silane modified EPDM rubber, Polyolefins J, 3:69-77
  4. Naderi G, Lafleur PG, Dubois C (2008) The influence of matrix viscosity and composition on the morphology, rheology, and mechanical properties of thermoplastic elastomer nanocomposites based on EPDM/PP. Polym Compos 29: 1301-1309
  5. Nakhaei MR, Mostafa Arab NB, Naderi G (2013) Application of response surface methodology for weld strength prediction in laser welding of polypropylene/clay nanocomposite. Iran Polym J 22: 351-360
  6. Hidayah IN, Mariatti M, Ismail H (2015) Evaluation of PP/EPDM nanocomposites filled with SiO2, TiO2 and ZnO nanofillers as thermoplastic elastomeric insulators, Plastics. Plast Rubber Compos. 44 (7): 259-264
  7. Liu P, Zhong W, Shi H (2009) Polymer-grafted magnetite nanoparticles via a facile in situ solution radical polymerisation. J Exp Nanoscience 4: 323-329
  8. Xiangfa Z, Hanning X, Jian F (2012) Preparation, properties and thermal control applications of silica aerogel infiltrated with solid–liquid phase change materials. J Exp Nanoscience 7:  17-26
  9. Kiruba VSA, Dakshinamurthy A, Subramanian PS (2015) Green synthesis of biocidal silver-activated charcoal nanocomposite for disinfecting water.  J Exp Nanoscience 10: 532-544
  10. Sun N, Apelian D (2015) Composite fabrication in cast Al A206 via friction stir processing. Int J Cast Metal Research 28: 72-80
  11. Morisada Y, Fujii H, NagaokaFukusumi T.M (2006) MWCNTs/AZ31 surface composites fabricated by friction stir processing. J Mater Sci Eng A 419: 344-348
  12. Morisada Y, Fujii H (2008) Nanocomposites fabricated by the friction stir process. Weld inter 22: 15-21
  13. Mishra RS, Ma ZY, Charit I (2003) Friction stir welding and processing. Mater Sci Eng A 341: 307-310
  14. Elangovan K, Balasubramanian V (2008) Influences of tool pin profile and tool shoulder diameter on the formation of friction stir processing zone in AA6061 aluminium alloy. Mater Des 29: 362-373
  15. Kumar N, Komarasamy M, Nelaturu P, Tang Z,  Liaw PK,  Mishra RS ( 2015) Friction stir processing of a high entropy alloy Al0.1CoCrFeNi. JOM 67: 1007-1013
  16. Barmouz M, Seyfi J, Besharati Givi MK, Hejazi I, Davachi S (2011) A novel approach for producing polymer nanocomposites by in-situ dispersion of clay particles via friction stir processing. Mater Sci Eng A 528: 3003-3006
  17. Azarsa E, Mostafapour A (2013) On the feasibility of producing polymer–metal composites via novel variant of friction stir processing. J Manuf Process 15: 682-688
  18. Zinati F.R. (2015) Experimental evaluation of ultrasonic-assisted friction stir process effect on in situ dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes throughout polyamide 6. Int J Adv Des Manuf Technol 81: 2087-209
  19. Marckmann G, Verron E (2006) Comparison of hyperelastic models for rubber-like materials. Rubber Chem Technol 79: 835-858
  20. Ali A, Hosseini M, Sahari B (2010) A review and comparison on some rubber elasticity models. J Sci Ind Res 69: 495-500
  21. Karimi A, Navidbakhsh M, Beigzadeh B, Faghihi S (2013) Hyperelastic mechanical behavior of rat brain infected by Plasmodium berghei ANKA –Experimental testing and constitutive modeling. Int J Damage Mech 15: 1-15
  22. Halpin JC, Kardos JL (1976) The Halpin-Tsai equations: A review. Polym Eng Sci 16: 344-352
  23. Kalaitzidou K, Fukushima H, Miyagawa H, Drzal T (2007) Flexural and tensile moduli of polypropylene nanocomposites and comparison of experimental data to Halpin-Tsai and tandon-weng models. Polym Eng Sci 47: 1797-1803
  24. ASTM Standard D 638 (1997) Standard test method for tensile properties of plastics In: Annual book of ASTM standard
  25. Payganeh GH, Mostafa Arab NB, Dadgar Y, Ghasemi FA, Saeidi Boroujeni M (2011) Effects of friction stir welding process parameters on appearance and strength of polypropylene composite welds. Int J Math Phys Eng Sci 6: 4595-4601
  26. Bilici MK, Yukler AI (2012) Effects of welding parameters on friction stir spot welding of high density polyethylene sheets. Mater Des 33: 145-152
  27. Naderi G, Khosrokhavar R, Shokoohi S, Bakhshandeh GR,Ghoreishy MHR (2014) Dynamically vulcanized polypropylene/ethylene-propylene diene monomer/organoclay nanocomposites: Effect of mixing sequence on structural, rheological, and mechanical properties. J Vinyl Addit Technol, doi:10.1002/vnl.21432
  28. Naderi G, Lafleur PG, Dubois C (2007) Microstructure-properties correlations in dynamically vulcanized nanocomposite thermoplastic elastomers based on PP/EPDM. Polym Eng Sci 47: 207-217
  29. Hejazi I, Sharif F, Garmabi H (2011) Effect of material and processing parameters on mechanical properties of polypropylene/ethylene–propylene–diene–monomer/clay nanocomposites. Mater Des 32:3803-3809
  30. Esmizadeh E, Naderi G, Barmar M (2014) Effect of organo-clay on properties and mechanical behavior of Fluorosilicone rubber. Fibers Polym 15: 2376-2385
  31. Esmizadeh E, Naderi G, Ghoreishy MHR (2013) Modification of theoretical models to predict mechanical behavior of PVC/NBR/organoclay nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 130: 3229-3239
  32. Shokoohi S, Naderi G, Kharazmkia M, Ghoreishy MHR (2015) Hyperelastic model analysis of stress-strain behavior in polybutadiene/ethylene-propylene diene terpolymer nanocomposites. J Vinyl Addit Technol, doi:10.1002/vnl.21480
  33. Zeng QH, Yu AB, Lu GQ, (2008) Multiscale modeling and simulation of polymer nanocomposites. Prog Polym Sci 33: 191-269
  34. Kate KH, Enneti RK, Park SJ, German RM, Atre SV (2014) Predicting powder-polymer mixture properties for PIM design. Crit Rev Solid State Mater Sci 39: 197-214
Polyolefins Journal
Volume 4, Issue 1 - Serial Number 7
January 2017
Pages 99-109

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 25 June 2016
  • Revise Date: 14 July 2016
  • Accept Date: 20 July 2016
  • First Publish Date: 01 January 2017

Share

How to cite

Statistics