Document Type : Original research
Authors
1 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
2 Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Abstract
9,10-Dihydro-9,10-ethano-anthracene-11,12-dicarboxylic acid disodium salt (DHEAS) was synthesized and used as a nucleating agent for poly(1-butene) (iPB). The isothermal crystallization kinetics of iPB having different nucleating agents were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscopy (POM). The results showed that the nucleating agents increased the crystallization temperature and the crystallization rate and shortened the crystallization half-time (t1/2). As well, the nucleating agents could be used as heterogeneous nuclei in the iPB matrix and decreased the size of iPB. When the nucleating agent was DHEAS, the crystallization temperature of iPB was up to 93.6°C which was higher than that of other nucleating agents for iPB and pure iPB. The crystallization half-time in the presence of DHEAS was 0.58 min which was less than that of other nucleating agents for iPB and pure iPB. In this case, the spherulitic size of iPB was the smallest and the morphology was changed, which indicated that DHEAS displayed better nucleation effect among the studied nucleating agents.
Keywords
Main Subjects
- Gonzalez I, Eguiazabal J, Nazabal J (2005) Compatibilization level effects on the structure and mechanical properties of rubber modified polyamide 6/clay nanocomposites. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 43: 3611-3620
- Huang J, Keskkula H, Paul D (2006) Comparison of the toughening behavior of nylon 6 versus an amorphous polyamide using various maleated elastomers. Polymer 47: 639-651
- Chen X, Yu J, Luo Z, Guo S, He M, Zhou Z (2011) Study on mechanical properties and phase morphology of polypropylene/polyolefin elastomer/magnesium hydroxide ternary composites. Polym Adv Technol 22: 657-663
- Qiu G, Liu G, Qiu W, Liu S (2013) Phase morphology and mechanical properties of polyamide-6/ polyolefin elastomer- g - maleic anhydride blends. J Macromol Sci, B 53: 615-624
- Choi M, Jung J-Y, Chang Y-W (2014) Shape memory thermoplastic elastomer from maleated polyolefin elastomer and nylon 12 blends. Polym Bull 71: 625-635
- Nishitani Y, Yamada Y, Ishii C, Sekiguchi I, Kitano T (2010) Effects of addition of functionalized SEBS on rheological, mechanical, and tribological properties of polyamide 6 nanocomposites. Polym Eng Sci 50: 100-112
- Isik-gulsac I, Yilmazer U, Bayram G (2013) Effects of addition order of the components on polyamide-6/ organoclay/ elastomer ternary nanocomposites. Adv Polym Technol 32: E675-E691
- Kohan MI, Kohan MI (1995). Nylon plastics handbook, Hanser Publishers
- Lincoln DM, Vaia RA, Wang ZG, Hsiao BS (2001) Secondary structure and elevated temperature crystallite morphology of nylon-6/layered silicate nanocomposites. Polymer 42: 1621-1631
- Maiti P, Okamoto M (2003) Crystallization controlled by silicate surfaces in nylon 6 clay nanocomposites. Macromol Mater Eng 288: 440- 445
- Li TC, Ma J, Wang M, Tjiu WC, Liu T, Huang W (2007) Effect of clay addition on the morphology and thermal behavior of polyamide 6. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1191-1199
- Liu X,Wu Q (2002) Phase transition in nylon 6/ clay nanocomposites on annealing. Polymer 43: 1933-1936
- Wu TM, Liao CS (2000) Polymorphism in nylon 6/clay nanocomposites. Macromol Chem Phys 201: 2820-2825
- Cui L,Yeh JT (2010) Nylon 6 crystal phase transition in nylon 6/clay/poly (vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 118: 1683- 1690
- Chiu FC, Lai SM, Chen YL, Lee TH (2005) Investigation on the polyamide 6/organoclay nanocomposites with or without a maleated polyolefin elastomer as a toughener. Polymer 46: 11600-11609
- Lee KM, Han CD (2003) Rheology of organoclay nanocomposites: Effects of polymer matrix/ organoclay compatibility and the gallery distance of organoclay. Macromolecules 36: 7165-7178
- Xie W, Gao Z, Pan W-P, Hunter D, Singh A, Vaia R (2001) Thermal degradation chemistry of alkyl quaternary ammonium montmorillonite. Chem Mater 13: 2979-2990
- Brandrup J (1989) Polymer Handbook. 3rd ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York
- Paci M, Filippi S, Magagnini P (2010) Nanostructure development in nylon 6-Cloisite® 30B composites. Effects of the preparation conditions. Eur Polym J 46: 838-853
- Gomari S, Ghasemi I, Karrabi M, Azizi H (2012) Organoclay localization in polyamide 6/ethylene-butene copolymer grafted maleic anhydride blends: The effect of different types of organoclay. J Polym Res 19: 1-11
- Ying JR, Liu SP, Guo F, Zhou XP, Xie XL (2008) Non-isothermal crystallization and crystalline structure of PP/POE blends. J Therm Anal Calorim 91: 723-731
- Benderly D, Siegmann A, Narkis M (1997) Structure and behavior of multicomponent immiscible polymer blends. J Polym Eng 17: 461-490
- Zhang L, Wan C, Zhang Y (2008) Polyamide 6/ maleated ethylene - propylene - diene rubber/ organoclay composites with or without glycidyl methacrylate as a compatibilizer. J Appl Polym Sci 110: 1870-1879
- Katoh Y, Okamoto M (2009) Crystallization controlled by layered silicates in nylon 6–clay nano-composite. Polymer 50: 4718-4726
- Wang B, Hao L, Wang W, Hu G (2009) One-step compatibilization of polyamide 6/poly (ethylene- 1-octene) blends with maleic anhydride and peroxide. J Polym Res 17: 821-826
- Wahit M, Hassan A, Mohd Ishak Z, Czigány T (2009) Ethylene-octene copolymer (POE) toughened polyamide 6/ polypropylene nanocomposites: Effect of POE maleation. Express Polym Lett 3: 309-319
- Cervantes-Uc JM, Cauich-Rodríguez JV, Vázquez-Torres H, Garfias-Mesías LF, Paul DR (2007) Thermal degradation of commercially available organoclays studied by TGA–FTIR. Thermochim Acta 457: 92-102
)