An investigation on non-isothermal crystallization behavior and morphology of polyamide 6/ poly(ethylene-co-1-butene)-graft-maleic anhydride/organoclay nanocomposites

Document Type : Original research

Authors

Plastic Department, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O.Box: 14965/115, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Nanocomposites based on polyamide 6 (PA6) and poly(ethylene-co-1-butene)-graft-maleic anhydride (EB-g- MAH) blends have been prepared via melt mixing. The effect of blend ratio and organoclay concentration on the crystallization and melting behavior of specimens were studied. Three types of commercial organo-modified clay (Cloisite 30B, Cloisite 15A and Cloisite 20A) were employed to assess the importance of the nanoclay polarity and gallery distance. The crystallization behavior was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide angle X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (WAXD). The strong interactions between amine end groups of PA6 and maleic anhydride groups of EB-g-MAH led to complete inhibition of EB-g-MAH crystallization according to the DSC results. A transformation from the α form to the γ form crystals of PA6, induced by both organoclays and EB-g-MAH, was monitored by WAXD and DSC. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was used to evaluate the morphology of nanocomposites. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was conducted to determine the location of organoclays and indicated that the organoclays mainly present in the PA6 matrix and rarely distribute in the EB-g-MAH phase in the case of low polarity organoclays. It was also evidenced that the organoclay with the most affinity to PA6 (Cloisite 30B) had the largest effect on the thermal and crystallization behavior of this phase in the blend.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Gonzalez I, Eguiazabal J, Nazabal J (2005) Compatibilization level effects on the structure and mechanical properties of rubber modified polyamide 6/clay nanocomposites. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 43: 3611-3620
  2. Huang J, Keskkula H, Paul D (2006) Comparison of the toughening behavior of nylon 6 versus an amorphous polyamide using various maleated elastomers. Polymer 47: 639-651
  3. Chen X, Yu J, Luo Z, Guo S, He M, Zhou Z (2011) Study on mechanical properties and phase morphology of polypropylene/polyolefin elastomer/magnesium hydroxide ternary composites. Polym Adv Technol 22: 657-663
  4. Qiu G, Liu G, Qiu W, Liu S (2013) Phase morphology and mechanical properties of polyamide-6/ polyolefin elastomer- g – maleic anhydride blends. J Macromol Sci, B 53: 615-624
  5. Choi M, Jung J-Y, Chang Y-W (2014) Shape memory thermoplastic elastomer from maleated polyolefin elastomer and nylon 12 blends. Polym Bull 71: 625-635
  6. Nishitani Y, Yamada Y, Ishii C, Sekiguchi I, Kitano T (2010) Effects of addition of functionalized SEBS on rheological, mechanical, and tribological properties of polyamide 6 nanocomposites. Polym Eng Sci 50: 100-112
  7. Isik-gulsac I, Yilmazer U, Bayram G (2013) Effects of addition order of the components on polyamide-6/ organoclay/ elastomer ternary nanocomposites. Adv Polym Technol 32: E675-E691
  8. Kohan MI, Kohan MI (1995). Nylon plastics handbook, Hanser Publishers
  9. Lincoln DM, Vaia RA, Wang ZG, Hsiao BS (2001) Secondary structure and elevated temperature crystallite morphology of nylon-6/layered silicate nanocomposites. Polymer 42: 1621-1631
  10. Maiti P, Okamoto M (2003) Crystallization controlled by silicate surfaces in nylon 6 clay nanocomposites. Macromol Mater Eng 288: 440- 445
  11.  Li TC, Ma J, Wang M, Tjiu WC, Liu T, Huang W (2007) Effect of clay addition on the morphology and thermal behavior of polyamide 6. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1191-1199
  12. Liu X,Wu Q (2002) Phase transition in nylon 6/ clay nanocomposites on annealing. Polymer 43: 1933-1936
  13. Wu TM, Liao CS (2000) Polymorphism in nylon 6/clay nanocomposites. Macromol Chem Phys 201: 2820-2825
  14. Cui L,Yeh JT (2010) Nylon 6 crystal phase transition in nylon 6/ clay/ poly (vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 118: 1683- 1690
  15. Chiu FC, Lai SM, Chen YL, Lee TH (2005) Investigation on the polyamide 6/ organoclay nanocomposites with or without a maleated polyolefin elastomer as a toughener. Polymer 46: 11600-11609
  16. Lee KM, Han CD (2003) Rheology of organoclay nanocomposites: Effects of polymer matrix/ organoclay compatibility and the gallery distance of organoclay. Macromolecules 36: 7165-7178
  17. Xie W, Gao Z, Pan W-P, Hunter D, Singh A, Vaia R (2001) Thermal degradation chemistry of alkyl quaternary ammonium montmorillonite. Chem Mater 13: 2979-2990
  18. Brandrup J (1989) Polymer Handbook. 3rd ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York
  19. Paci M, Filippi S, Magagnini P (2010) Nanostructure development in nylon 6-Cloisite® 30B composites. Effects of the preparation conditions. Eur Polym J 46: 838-853
  20. Gomari S, Ghasemi I, Karrabi M, Azizi H (2012) Organoclay localization in polyamide 6/ethylenebutene copolymer grafted maleic anhydride blends: The effect of different types of organoclay. J Polym Res 19: 1-11
  21. Ying JR, Liu SP, Guo F, Zhou XP, Xie XL (2008) Non-isothermal crystallization and crystalline structure of PP/POE blends. J Therm Anal Calorim 91: 723-731
  22. Benderly D, Siegmann A, Narkis M (1997) Structure and behavior of multicomponentimmiscible polymer blends. J Polym Eng 17: 461-490
  23. Zhang L, Wan C, Zhang Y (2008) Polyamide 6/ maleated ethylene - propylene - diene rubber/ organoclay composites with or without glycidyl methacrylate as a compatibilizer. J Appl Polym Sci 110: 1870-1879
  24. Katoh Y, Okamoto M (2009) Crystallization controlled by layered silicates in nylon 6–clay nano-composite. Polymer 50: 4718-4726
  25. Wang B, Hao L, Wang W, Hu G (2009) One-step compatibilization of polyamide 6/poly (ethylene- 1-octene) blends with maleic anhydride and peroxide. J Polym Res 17: 821-826
  26. Wahit M, Hassan A, Mohd Ishak Z, Czigány T (2009) Ethylene-octene copolymer (POE) toughened polyamide 6/ polypropylene nanocomposites: Effect of POE maleation. Express Polym Lett 3: 309-319
  27. Cervantes-Uc JM, Cauich-Rodríguez JV, Vázquez-Torres H, Garfias-Mesías LF, Paul DR (2007) Thermal degradation of commercially available organoclays studied by TGA–FTIR. Thermochim Acta 457: 92-102

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 26 January 2015
  • Revise Date: 10 May 2015
  • Accept Date: 10 May 2015
  • First Publish Date: 01 June 2015

Share

How to cite

Statistics