Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute Polyolefins Journal 2322-2212 2 2 2015 06 01 Study of Ziegler-Natta/(2-PhInd)2ZrCl2 hybrid catalysts performance in slurry propylene polymerization 73 87 1145 10.22063/poj.2015.1145 EN Gholam-Reza Nejabat Department of Polymer engineering, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Islamic Azad University (Shiraz Branch), P.O. Box. 71993-3, Shiraz, Iran 0000000167211011 Mehdi Nekoomanesh Polymerization Engineering Department, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), P.O. Box 14965/115, Tehran, Iran Hassan Arabi Polymerization Engineering Department, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), P.O. Box 14965/115, Tehran, Iran Hamid Salehi-Mobarakeh Petrochemical Department, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), P.O. Box 14965/115, Tehran, Iran Gholam-Hossein Zohuri Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box 1436, Mashhad, Iran 0000-0003-2380-8363 Mohammad-Mahdi Mortazavi Polymerization Engineering Department, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), P.O. Box 14965/115, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-6876-1063 Saeid Ahmadjo Catalyst Department, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), P.O. Box 14965/115, Tehran, Iran Stephen A. Miller The George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, USA Journal Article 2014 09 04 Several types of hybrid catalysts are made through mixing of 4th generation Ziegler-Natta (ZN) and (2-PhInd)₂ZrCl₂ metallocene catalysts using triethylaluminum (TEA) as coupling agent. Response surface methodology (RSM) is used to evaluate the interactive effects of different parameters including amounts of metallocene and TEA and temperature on metallocene loading. Analyzing the amounts of Al and Zr elements in the hybrid catalysts through ICP-OES and EDXA reveals that temperature plays a crucial role on anchoring of the metallocene catalyst on ZN while TEA has the least determining effect. The ICP analysis shows that as the concentration of Al goes up in the hybrid catalyst the concentration of Zr passes a maximum, while EDXA shows a direct relationship between the Al and Zr contents. Using triisobutylaluminum (TIBA) and methylaluminoxane (MAO) as the coupling agents, almost similar metallocene loadings are observed. Finally, the performance of hybrid catalysts is investigated in propylene polymerization and the obtained polymers are characterized using DSC and DMTA through which the presence of two types of polymers in the final product are confirmed. http://poj.ippi.ac.ir/article_1145_37a49082a2bc170a27aa700414df433d.pdf