ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synergistic effects of metal stearate, calcium carbonate, and recycled polyethylene on thermo-mechanical behavior of polyvinylchloride
Thermo-mechanical recycling process is the cheapest way to recover plastic waste such as LDPE with low ecological impact. Thus, the goal of this work is to obtain high-performance microcomposites from polyvinyl chloride (PVC), recycled low-density polyethylene (r-LDPE), calcium carbonate (CaCO3), and calcium/zinc stearate (CaSt2/ZnSt2). The effect of the two ratios of thermal stabilizers with different concentrations on the mechanical properties and thermal stability of PVC and PVC/r-LDPE (1:1) blend was studied. The samples were characterized using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mechanical tests, thermal analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The addition of 5 phr of CaSt2:ZnSt2 (9:1) to PVC (MC4) resulted in optimal tensile strength and elongationat-break values. In addition, MC4 showed high thermal stability. Moreover, the incorporation of r-LDPE into PVC made the PVC matrix stronger and more stable than pure PVC, which yields high mechanical and thermal performances. Furthermore, an outstanding synergistic effect is obtained when a heat stabilizer rich in calcium is combined with CaCO3 and r-LDPE. This PVC/r-LDPE blend as a composite can be used in several industrial fields.
http://poj.ippi.ac.ir/article_1894_6dbcb1b53876e36820de7bcda6510d66.pdf
2023-01-01
1
11
10.22063/poj.2022.3153.1223
Polyvinylchloride
recycled-low density polyethylene
thermal stabilizer
calcium carbonate
Samira
Maou
s.maou@univ-biskra.dz
1
Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée, Université Mohamed-Kheider de Biskra, Biskra 07000, Algeria
LEAD_AUTHOR
Yazid
Meftah
yazid.meftah@univ-biskra.dz
2
Ecole Normale Supérieure de Boussaada, Boussaada 28201, Algeria
AUTHOR
Ahmed
Meghezzi
a.meghezzi@univ-biskra.dz
3
Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée, Université Mohamed-Kheider de Biskra, Biskra 07000, Algeria
AUTHOR
Yao J, Zhou Z, Zhou H (2019) Highway engineering composite material and its application. Elsevier, 1-163
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2
Suresh SS, Mohanty S, Nayak SK (2020) Effect of recycled poly(vinyl chloride) on the mechanical, thermal and rheological characteristics of recycled poly(methyl methacrylate). J Mater Cycles Waste Manag 22: 698-710
3
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Abbas-Abadi MS (2021) The effect of process and structural parameters on the stability, thermo-mechanical and thermal degradation of polymers with hydrocarbon skeleton containing PE, PP, PS, PVC, NR, PBR and SBR. J Therm Anal Calorim 143: 2867-2882
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Jordan KJ, Suib SL, Koberstein JT (2001) Determination of the degradation mechanism from the kinetic parameters of dehydrochlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) decomposition. J Phys Chem B 105:3174-3181
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Balköse D, Gökçel Hİ, Göktepe SE (2001) Synergism of Ca/Zn soaps in poly(vinyl chloride) thermal stability. Eur Polym J 37: 1191-1197
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Zhang M, Han W, Hu X, Li D, Ma X, Liu H, Liu L, Lu W, Liu S (2020) Pentaerythritol phydroxybenzoate ester-based zinc metal alkoxides as multifunctional antimicrobial thermal stabilizer for PVC. Polym Degrad Stab 181: 109340
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Korkusuz Ç, Tüzüm Demir AP (2020) Evaluation of the thermal stabilization behavior of hydrotalcite against organic stabilizers for plasticized PVC films. Polym Bull 77:4805-4831
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Ye F, Ye Q, Zhan H, Ge Y, Ma X, Xu Y, Wang X (2019) Synthesis and study of zinc orotate and its synergistic effect with commercial stabilizers for stabilizing poly(vinyl chloride). Polymers 11: 194
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Li M, Zhang J, Xin J, Huang K, Li S, Wang M, Xia J (2017) Design of green zinc-based thermal stabilizers derived from tung oil fatty acid and study of thermal stabilization for PVC. J Appl Polym Sci 134: 16-20
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Wang M, Song X, Jiang J, Xia J, Li S, Li M (2017) Excellent hydroxyl and nitrogen rich groups-containing tung-oil-based Ca/Zn and polyol stabilizers for enhanced thermal stability of PVC. Thermochim Acta 658: 84-92
19
Asawakosinchai A, Jubsilp C, Mora P, Rimdusit S (2017) Organic Heat Stabilizers for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): A Synergistic Behavior of Eugenol and Uracil Derivative. J Mater Eng Perform 26: 4781-4788
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Wang M, Li S, Ding H, Xia J, Li M (2020) Construction of efficient tung-oil-based thermal stabilizers bearing imide and epoxy groups for PVC. New J Chem 44: 4538-4546
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Li X, Xiao Y, Wang B, Tang Y, Lu Y, Wang C (2012) Effects of poly(1,2-propylene glycol adipate) and nano-CaCO3 on DOP migration and mechanical properties of flexible PVC. J Appl Polym Sci 124: 1737-1743
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Sombatsompop N, Sungsanit K, Thongpin C (2004) Structural changes of PVC in PVC/LDPE melt-blends: Effects of LDPE content and number of extrusions. Polym Eng Sci 44:487-495
26
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27
Yuan Z, Zhang J, Zhao P, Wang Z, Cui X, Gao L, Guo Q, Tian H (2020) Synergistic Effect and Chlorine-Release Behaviors during Co-pyrolysis of LLDPE, PP, and PVC. ACS Omega 5:11291-11298
28
Blazsó M, Zelei B, Jakab E (1995) Thermal decomposition of low-density polyethylene in the presence of chlorine-containing polymers. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 35:221-235
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30
Zhu HM, Jiang XG, Yan JH, Chi Y, Cen KF (2008) TG-FTIR analysis of PVC thermal degradation and HCl removal. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 82: 1-9
31
Rabinovitch EB, Lacatus E, Summers JW (1984) The lubrication mechanism of calcium stearate/paraffin wax systems in PVC compounds. J Vinyl Technol 6: 98-103
32
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33
Shi Y, Chen S, Ma M, Wu B, Ying J, Xu X, Wang X (2016) Highly efficient and antibacterial zinc norfloxacin thermal stabilizer for poly(vinyl chloride). RSC Adv 6: 97491-97502
34
Maou S, Meftah Y, Tayefi M, Meghezzi A, Grohens Y (2022) Preparation and performance of an immiscible PVC-HDPE blend compatibilized with maleic anhydride (MAH) via in-situ reactive extrusion. J Polym Res 29: 161
35
Maou S, Meghezzi A, Grohens Y, Meftah Y, Kervoelen A, Magueresse A (2021) Effect of various chemical modifications of date palm fibers ( DPFs ) on the thermo-physical properties of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites. Ind Crop Prod 171: 113974
36
Thongpin C, Santavitee O, Sombatsompop N (2006) Degradation mechanism and mechanical properties of PVC in PVC-PE melt blends: Effects of molecular architecture, content, and MFI of PE. J Vinyl Addit Technol 12: 115-123
37
Sun S, Li C, Zhang L, Du HL, Burnell-Gray JS (2006) Interfacial structures and mechanical properties of PVC composites reinforced by CaCO3 with different particle sizes and surface treatments. Polym Int 55:158-164
38
Pham HNT, Nguyen VT (2020) Effect of calcium carbonate on the mechanical properties of polyethylene terephthalate/polypropylene blends with styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene. J Mech Sci Technol 34: 3925-3930
39
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of replacing EPDM with high molecular weight amorphous poly(1-hexene) on the mechanical behavior of iPP/iPP-g-MA/EPDM blends
Varying amounts of a high molecular weight poly(1-hexene) (PH, Mv=1.7×106 Da) are substituted for EPDM in an iPP/iPP-g-MA/EPDM blend (weight ratio: 76:4:20) and mechanical properties as well as phase morphology of the blends are studied and compared. The results show that by substituting the entire EPDM with PH, the tensile strength-at-break increases from 18.7 to 21.1 MPa, elongation-at-break increases from 15.5% to 370.8%, and impact strength increases from 6.4 to 50.1 kJ.m-2. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) of the blends proved their immiscibility and SEM analysis confirmed these findings by showing droplet-matrix morphologies. Studying the creep behavior of the samples shows that the blends containing PH have more creep so that by substituting all EPDM in the blends with PH, the permanent deformation increases from 0.425% to 0.505%. According to the results, PH is introduced as a candidate for improving the impact properties of iPP/iPP-g-MA/EPDM blend.
http://poj.ippi.ac.ir/article_1900_89d8cad68c039774c4fb664cea27ea17.pdf
2023-01-01
13
20
10.22063/poj.2022.2967.1193
Rubber toughened iPP
Creep behavior
Two phase morphology
DMTA
Immiscible blends
Mahsa
Mobini-Dehkordi
mahsa.mobini.dehkordi@gmail.com
1
Department of Polymer Engineering, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran, P.O.Box:71993-3
AUTHOR
Gholam-Reza
Nejabat
ghnejabat@yahoo.com
2
Department of Applied Researches, Chemical, Petroleum & Polymer Engineering Research Center, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad-Mahdi
Mortazavi
m.mortazavi@ippi.ac.ir
3
Faculty of Engineering, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box: 14975-112
AUTHOR
Drobny J (2015). Introduction to thermoplastic elastomers, Landolt-Börnstein: Group VIII advanced materials and technologies vol. 13 (Specialty Thermoplastics), Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heilderberg, page 114
1
Panigrahi H, Sreenath PR, Kotnees DK (2020) Unique compatibilized thermoplastic elastomer with high strength and remarkable ductility: Effect of multiple point interactions within a rubber-plastic blend. ACS Omega 5: 12789-12808
2
Nejabat G-R, Nekoomanesh M, Arabi H, Salehi-Mobarakeh H, Zohuri G-H, Mortazavi SMM, Ahmadjo S, Miller SA (2015) Study of Ziegler-Natta/(2-PhInd)2ZrCl2 hybrid catalysts performance in slurry propylene polymerization. Polyolefins J 2: 73-87
3
Nejabat G-R, Nekoomanesh M, Arabi H, Salehi- Mobarakeh H, Zohuri G-H, Omidvar M, Miller SA (2013) Synthesis and microstructural study of stereoblock elastomeric polypropylenes from metallocene catalyst (2-PhInd)2ZrCl2 activated with cocatalyst mixtures. J Polym Sci Pol Chem 51: 724-731
4
Nejabat G-R, Nekoomanesh M, Arabi H, Salehi- Mobarakeh H, Zohuri G-H, Omidvar M, Miller SA (2012) Synthesis of stereoblock elastomeric poly (propylene)s using a (2-PhInd)2ZrCl2 metallocene catalyst in the presence of cocatalyst mixtures: Study of activity and molecular weight. Macromol React Eng 6: 523-529
5
Cobzaru C, Hild S, Boger A, Troll C, Rieger B (2005) “Dual-side” catalysts for high and ultrahigh molecular weight homopolypropylene elastomers and plastomers. Coord Chem Rev 250: 189-211
6
Panda BP, Mohanty S, Nayak SK (2015) Mechanism of toughening in rubber toughened polyolefin-A review. Polym Plast Technol Eng 54: 462–473
7
Nwabunma D, kyo T (Eds.) (2008) Polyolefin blends. John Willey and Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, 225-226
8
Rabinovitch EB, Summers JW, Smith G (2003) Impact modification of polypropylene. J Vinyl Addit. Technol 9: 90-95
9
Dikobe DG, Luyt AS (2009) Morphology and properties of polypropylene/ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer/wood powder blend composites. Express Polym Lett 3: 190-199
10
Cheraghi H, Ghasemi FA (2013) Morphology and mechanical properties of PP/LLDPE blends and ternary PP/LLDPE/Nano-CaCO3 composites. Strength Mater 45: 730-738
11
Penava NV, Rek V, Houra IF (2012) Effect of EPDM as a compatibilizer on mechanical properties and morphology of PP/LDPE blends. J Elastom Plast 45: 391-403
12
Lin J-H, Pan Y-J, Liu C-F, Huang, C-L, Hsieh C-T, Chen C-K, Lin Z-I, Lou C-W (2015) Preparation and compatibility evaluation of polypropylene/ high density polyethylene polyblends. Materials 8: 8850-8859
13
Chandran N, Chandran S, Maria HJ, Thomas S (2015) Compatibilizing action and localization of clay in a polypropylene/natural rubber (PP/ NR) blend. RSC Adv 5: 86265-86273
14
Sun H, Feng J, Wang J, Yu B, Sheng J (2012) Influence of mixing technique on microstructure and impact properties of isotactic polypropylene/ poly (cis-butadiene) rubber blends. J Macromol Sci Phys 51: 328-337
15
Szabó P, Epacher E, Földes E, Pukánszky B (2004) Miscibility, structure and properties of PP/PIB blends. Mater Sci Eng A 383: 307-315
16
Bartz KW, Floyd JC, Meka P, Stehling FC (1993) Compatible polypropylene/poly (1-butene) blends and fibers made therefrom.WO1993006168A1
17
Hernández M, Ichazo MN, González J, Albano C, Santana O (2008) Impact behavior of polypropylene/styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer blends. Acta Microsc 17: 66-71
18
Utracki LA (1998) Commercial polymer blends, Springer Science & Business Media, 1st ed, 267-267
19
Svoboda P, Theravalappil R, Svobodova D, Mokrejs P, Kolomaznik K, Mori K, Ougizawa T, Inoue T (2010) Elastic properties of polypropylene/ethylene–octene copolymer blends. Polym Test 29: 742-748
20
Gharzouli N, Doufnounea R, Riahi F, Bouchareb S (2019) Effects of nanosilica filler surface modification and compatibilization on the mechanical, thermal and microstructure of PP/ EPR blends. J Adhes Sci Technol 33: 445-467
21
da Silva NAL, Coutinho FMB (1996) Some properties of polymer blends based on EPDM/ Polymer Testing 15: 45-52
22
Ezzati P, Ghasemi I, Karrabi M, Azizi H (2008) Rheological behaviour of PP/EPDM blend: the effect of compatibilization. Iran Polym J 17: 669-679
23
Ahmadjo S (2016) Preparation of ultra high molecular weight amorphous poly (1-hexene) by a Ziegler–Natta catalyst. Polym Adv Technol 27: 1523-1529
24
Zarei S, Nejabat G-R, Mortazavi SMM, KhajehPour-Tadavani S (2020) Thermal and tensile behavior of LLDPE films containing limited amounts of an oxo-biodegradable additive and/or amorphous poly (1-hexene) before and after UV irradiation. Polyolefins J 7: 111-119
25
Tam WY, Cheung T, Li RKY (1996) An investigation on the impact fracture characteristics of EPR toughened polypropylene. Polym Test 15: 363-380
26
van der Wal A, Nijhof R, Gaymans RJ (1999) Polypropylene–rubber blends: 2. The effect of the rubber content on the deformation and impact behavior. Polymer 40: 6031-6044
27
Yang K, Liu Y, Yan Z, Tian Y, Liu Y, Jing Z, Li J, Li S (2020) Enhanced morphology-dependent tensile property and breakdown strength of impact copolymer for cable insulation. Materials 13: 3935
28
Kurt G, Kasgoz A (2021) Effects of molecular weight and molecular weight distribution on creep properties of polypropylene homopolymer. J Appl Polym Sci 138: 50722
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Controlling the rheological behavior of nucleated polypropylene via incorporating dimethylbenzylidene sorbitol (DMDBS) masterbatch
Dimethylbenzylidene sorbitol (DMDBS) is a common nucleating/clarifier agent used in polypropylene (PP). So many researchers have looked at different aspects of incorporating this additive on crystallization behavior of PP. The current study has focused on a rather new subject and that is the role of carrier resin of DMDBS masterbatch on the rheological behaviour of polypropylene. This goal has been achieved through studying the role of carrier resin on phase separation behavior of DMDBS upon cooling. It has been shown that a permanent bonding forms between the molecules of carrier resin and DMDBS in the masterbatch and this bonding slows down the crystallization kinetics of DMDBS in the final blend which in turn, influences its rheological behavior. Frequency sweep experiments conducted on a block co-polypropylene showed that lower values of storage shear modulus (G’), loss shear modulus (G’’), and complex shear viscosity (ɳ*) are observed if DMDBS is incorporated in the form of masterbatch. Interestingly, a different effect was observed when the masterbatch constituents were employed directly into the polypropylene, illustrating the importance of the mentioned bonding between DMDBS and the carrier resin in the masterbatch.
http://poj.ippi.ac.ir/article_1908_4c1181f15cbc27f09408a4b3da8e3360.pdf
2023-01-01
21
26
10.22063/poj.2022.3189.1226
Polypropylene
Nucleating agent
Masterbatch
Rheology
phase separation
Maryam
Shokrollahi
m.shokrollahi1996@gmail.com
1
Polymeric Materials Research Group (PMRG), Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave., P.O. Box 11155-9466, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Bahereh
Marouf
maroufbt@gmail.com
2
Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Bagheri
rezabagh@sharif.edu
3
Polymeric Materials Research Group (PMRG), Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave., P.O. Box 11155-9466, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Horváth F, Bodrogi D, Hilt B, Pregi E, Menyhárd A (2022) Organogelators with dual β- and α-nucleating ability in isotactic polypropylene. J Therm Anal Calorim 147: 9451-9468
1
Schawe JEK, Budde F, Alig I (2018) Nucleation activity at high supercooling: Sorbitol-type nucleating agents in polypropylene. Polymer 153: 587-596
2
Abreu AA, Talabi SI, de Almeida Lucas A (2021) Influence of nucleating agents on morphology and properties of injection-molded polypropylene. (2021) Polym Adv Technol 32: 2197-2206
3
Sreenivas K, Basargekar R, Kumaraswamy G (2011) Phase separation of DMDBS from PP: Effect of polymer molecular weight and tacticity. macromolecules 44: 2358-2364
4
Lipp J, Shuster M, Terry AE, Cohen Y (2006) Fibril formation of 1,3:2,4-Di(3,4-dimethylbenzylidene) sorbitol in a polypropylene melt. Langmuir 22: 6398-6402
5
Bernland K, Goossens JG, Smith P, Tervoort TA (2016) On clarification of haze in polypropylene. J Polym Sci Pol Phys 54: 865-874
6
Farahani M, Jahani Y, Kakanejadifard A, Ohshima M (2022) Self-assembly of temperature sensitive additives in polypropylene melt and its influence on viscoelasticity. Ind Eng Chem Res 61: 2783-2791
7
Kristiansen M, Werner M, Tervoort T, Smith P, Blomenhofer M, Schmidt HW (2003) The binary system isotactic polypropylene/ bis(3,4-dimethylbenzylidene)sorbitol: Phase behavior, nucleation, and optical properties. Macromolecules 36: 5150-5156
8
Nogales A, Olley RH, Mitchell GR (2003) Directed crystallisation of synthetic polymers by low-molar-mass self-assembled templates. Macromol Rapid Commun 24: 496-502
9
Wilder EA, Hall CK, Khan SA, Spontak RJ (2003) Effects of composition and matrix polarity on network development in organogels of poly(ethylene glycol) and dibenzylidene sorbitol. Langmuir 19: 6004-6013
10
Nuñez CM, Whitfield JK, Mercurio DJ, Ilzhoefer JR, Spontak RJ, Khan SA (1996) Effect of molecular architecture on DBS-induced block copolymer gels: A rheological study. Macromol Symp 106: 275-286
11
Frässdorf W, Fahrländer M, Fuchs K, Friedrich C (2003) Thermorheological properties of selfassembled dibenzylidene sorbitol structures in various polymer matrices: Determination and prediction of characteristic temperatures. J Rheo 47: 1445-1454
12
Carmeli E, Kandioller G, Gahleitner M, Müller AJ, Tranchida D, Cavallo D (2021) Continuous cooling curve diagrams of isotacticpolypropylene/ polyethylene blends: mutual nucleating effects under fast cooling conditions. Macromolecules 2021 54: 4834-4846
13
Prashantha K, Soulestin J, Lacrampe MF, Claes M, Dupin G, Krawczak P (2008) Multiwalled carbon nanotube filled polypropylene nanocomposites based on masterbatch route: Improvement of dispersion and mechanical properties through PP-g-MA addition. Exp Polym Lett 2: 735-745
14
Shokrollahi M, Marouf BT, Bagheri R (2022) Role of the nucleating agent masterbatch carrier resin in the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of polypropylene. Polym J 54: 1127-1132
15
Wilsens CH, Hawke LG, de Kort GW, Saidi S, Roy M, Leoné N, Hermida-Merino D, Peters GW, Rastogi S (2019) Effect of thermal history and shear on the viscoelastic response of iPP containing an oxalamide-based organic compound. Macromolecules 52: 2789-2802
16
Balzano L, Portale G, Peters GW, Rastogi S (2008) Thermoreversible DMDBS phase separation in iPP: The effects of flow on the morphology. Macromolecules 41: 5350-5355
17
Gotsis AD, Zeevenhoven BLF, Tsenoglou C (2004) Effect of long branches on the rheology of polypropylene. J Rheo 48: 895-914
18
Adak B, Joshi M, Butola BS (2018) Polyurethane/ clay nanocomposites with improved helium gas barrier and mechanical properties: Direct versus master-batch melt mixing route. J Appl Polym Sci 135: 46422
19
Lopes Pereira EC, Soares BG, Silva AA, Barra GM (2021) Master batch approach for developing PVDF/EVA/CNT nanocomposites with cocontinuous morphology and improved electrical conductivity. J Appl Polym Sci 138: 51164 21.
20
Meijer-Vissers T, Goossens H (2013) The influence of the cooling rate on the nucleation efficiency of isotactic poly(propylene) with bis(3,4-dimethylbenzylidene)sorbitol. Macromol Symp 330: 150-165
21
Qi XD, Sun DX, Yang CJ, Wang WY, Wang Y (2019) Synergistic toughening of carbon nanotubes and nucleating agent in polypropylene/ ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer blend. Polym Test 75: 185-191
22
Zhao Y, Yao C, Chang T, Zhu Y (2019) The influence of DMDBS on crystallization behavior and crystalline morphology of weakly-phaseseparated olefin block copolymer. Polymers 11, 552
23
Quiñones-Jurado ZV, Ávila-Orta CA, Castillo- Reyes BE, Mata-Padilla JM, Hsiao BS, Medellín-Rodríguez FJ, Waldo-Mendoza MA (2018) Effect of sorbitol templates on the preferential crystallographic growth of isotactic Polypropylene Wax. Crystals 8: 59
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solutions by a new wood/plastic composite based on HDPE and wood particles
In the present work, the ability of wood-plastic composite containing high density polyethylene and wood powder as a recycled material to remove methylene blue cation pigment was studied. The effect of some important parameters such as pH, adsorbent amount and contact time was investigated. Adsorption efficiencies for methylene blue were maximized at alkaline pH. Adsorption capacity increased with increasing adsorbent amount and contact time. The value of R2 in Langmuir model was equal to 1 and the separation factor for 0.5 and 1 g of adsorbent was 0.09 and 0.1, respectively. Given that the methylene blue adsorption data were more consistent with the Langmuir isotherm model, it can be stated that the wood-plastic composite probably has uniform adsorption surfaces and the adsorption process occurred in a homogeneous system on the adsorbent surface. Based on the results of this study, it was observed that this composite is a suitable adsorbent for removing methylene blue from aqueous solutions and used as a purifying agent in the decolorization of effluents containing pigments. This adsorbent is recyclable and cost-effective for dye removal from textile industry wastewater.
http://poj.ippi.ac.ir/article_1918_294950fe3a5c45aee553e00efec2dd40.pdf
2023-01-01
27
33
10.22063/poj.2022.3197.1227
Wood plastic composite
adsorption
Methylene blue
Langmuir Isotherm
Zahra
Ranjbarha
z.raha63@yahoo.com
1
Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Javad
Mokhtari-Aliabad
javad_ac@yahoo.com
2
Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Parviz
Aberoomand-Azar
parvizaberoomand@gmail.com
3
Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed Amin
Mirmohammadi
mirmohammdai.sa@gmail.com
4
Department of Chemical Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Saber-Tehrani
m.saber@gmail.com
5
Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mondal S (2008) Methods of dye removal from dye house effluent: an overview. Environ Eng Sci 25:383-396
1
Karimi SY, Maroufi S, Zare MA (2020) Removal of Propargite pesticide from aqueous solution using (PAA-N5) as a new adsorbent. J New Mater 10: 109-124
2
Aouada FA, Pan Z, Orts WJ, Mattoso LHC (2009) Removal of paraquat pesticide from aqueous solutions using a novel adsorbent material based on polyacrylamide and methylcellulose hydrogels. J Appl Polym Sci 114: 2139-2148
3
Liang J, Ning X, Kong M, Liu D, Wang G, Cai H, Sun J, Zhang Y, Lu X, Yuan Y (2017) Elimination and ecotoxicity evaluation of phthalic acid esters from textile-dyeing wastewater. Environ Pollut 231: 115-122
4
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30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Substituent effect of Cp2TiCl2 catalyst for ethylene polymerization: A DFT study
The substituents on cyclopentadienyl (Cp) can regulate the electronic effect and hindrance of the active center in the metallocene catalyst. This modification can greatly change the catalytic activity of the catalyst and affect some features of the polymer. In order to study the effect of alkyl substituents on Cp in the performance of a typical metallocene catalyst Cp2TiCl2 for ethylene polymerization, two types of catalyst active centers were designed, including non-bridge Cp2(R)TiCH3]+ and bridge [NCP2 (R)TiCH3]+ (R = H, Me, iPr). The effects of alkyl substituent steric hindrance were explored by density functional theory on the complex of catalyst active center with ethylene and the formation of transition state. The results showed that the increase of substituent steric hindrance was unfavorable to complex between ethylene monomer with catalyst active center. Moreover, the bigger alkyl substituent, the greater the activation energy of ethylene insertion into catalyst active center and the more difficult is ethylene polymerization. Therefore, the performance of metallocene catalysts could be regulated by the substituent on Cp.
http://poj.ippi.ac.ir/article_1919_4692f07591b060963a2ae178dc6bea2b.pdf
2023-01-01
35
43
10.22063/poj.2022.3234.1235
Titanocene
Ethylene polymerization
mechanism
Hindrance effect
Density functional theory
Kefeng
Xie
xiekefeng@mail.lzjtu.cn
1
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
LEAD_AUTHOR
Wei
Hao
haowei2030@163.com
2
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
AUTHOR
Shengyuan
Xu
xsyexw@163.com
3
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
AUTHOR
Jie
Wang
wangjie0956@163.com
4
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
AUTHOR
Xiong
Wang
wangxiong1@petrochina.com.cn
5
Lanzhou Petrochemical Research Center, Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina, Lanzhou 730060, China
AUTHOR
Zhengang
Han
hanzhengang@nwnu.edu.cn
6
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, China
AUTHOR
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38
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Polyvinylpyrrolidone and polystyrene composites based on economical high quality biofillers derived from rice husk: Spectroscopic and hydrophilic investigations
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) composites based on rice husk (RH), rice husk carbon (RHC, i.e., black rice husk ash (BRHA)) and rice husk ash (RHA, i.e., white rice husk ash (WRHA)) were prepared separately through solution casting method. Similar composites were made using polystyrene (PS) through the same protocol. The carbon and ash obtained from this type of rice husk were obtained via pyrolysis at 300 and 600 °C, respectively, for 1 hour. The effects of these additives on the spectroscopic characteristics of polymers were verified by examining the infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra of the prepared composites. The resulting showed a remarkable difference between the spectra of parent polymers and the corresponding composites. Changes in peak width and 2θ parameters (observed in XRD patterns) revealed that PVP possesses better interactions with RHC, while PS has better interactions with RHA. Due to the high hydrophilicity of PVP, some investigations were accomplished on the hydrophilic properties of PVP samples. Polystyrene did not reveal detectable water vapor absorption (WVA), thus this experiment was not carried out for PS samples. Eventually, it was disclosed that there are significant discrepancies between the hydrophilic properties of PVP and its composites. In the other word, the WVA decreased from 290% for parent PVP to 210% for PVP-RHC composite.
http://poj.ippi.ac.ir/article_1920_20ac1295b7d3a2ac42cc0d7ee64fadd1.pdf
2023-01-01
45
57
10.22063/poj.2022.3221.1232
polyvinylpyrrolidone
Polystyrene
Rice husk derivatives
bio-composite
Spectroscopic and hydrophilic characteristics
Hamed
NazarpourFard
nazarpour.ha@lu.ac.ir
1
Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Asyraf MRM, Ishak MR, Norrrahim MNF, Nurazzi NM, Shazleen SS, Ilyas RA, Rafidah M, Razman MR (2021) Recent advances of thermal properties of sugar palm lignocellulosic fibre reinforced polymer composites. Int J Biol Macromol 193: 1587-1599
1
Mirzajani V, Nazarpour-Fard H, Farhadi K, Ghobadian A (2022) Copper oxide nano-catalyst incorporated TEGDN/NC/DAG propellants: thermal behaviors and kinetics. Propellants Explos Pyrotech 47: p.e202100364
2
Nazarpour-Fard H (2022) Rice husk ash: Economical and high-quality natural-based reinforcing filler for linear low-density and highdensity polyethylene. Polym Renew Resour. https://doi.org/10.1177/20412479221128965
3
Nazarpour-Fard H, Rad-Moghadam K, Shirini F, Beheshty MH, Asghari GH (2018) Reinforcement of epoxy resin/carbon fiber composites by carboxylated carbon nanotubes: A dynamic mechanical study. Polimery 63: 254-263
4
Shamsi R, Asghari GH, Mir Mohamad Sadeghi G, Nazarpour-Fard H (2018) The effect of multiwalled carbon nanotube and crosslinking degree on creep–recovery behavior of PET waste originated-polyurethanes and their nanocomposites. Polym Compos 39: E1013-E1024
5
Atta A, Abdelhamied MM, Abdelreheem AM, Althubiti NA (2022) Effects of polyaniline and silver nanoparticles on the structural characteristics and electrical properties of methylcellulose polymeric films. Inorg Chem Commun 135: 109085
6
Nazarpour-Fard H, Behzadi-Pour G, Nasiri-Sarvi M, Esmaili P (2019) PVA-based supercapacitors. Ionics 25: 2951-2963
7
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8
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9
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10
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12
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13
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14
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19
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